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What is magma?
It is a molten rock material found in the geosphere.
When magma reaches the earth´s surface it is called lava, and when it cools and solidifies we call it magmatic / igneous rock , which are the most abundant on Earth.
Depending on the amount of gases and percentage of certain minerals such as silica, it can be: mafic, intermidiate or felsic.
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Did you know
About 70 volcanoes erupt each year. There are approximately 1500 active volcanoes across the planet.
And there are also volcanoes on other planets in the Solar System!
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An igneous rock, depending on the place of consolidation, can be:
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Extrusive or volcanic, formed at or near the surface at low pressures and high temperatures.
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Intrusive, formed inside the Earth's crust at high pressures and temperatures.
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Effusive, when the lava is fluid and forms lava flows, the release of gases is easy and there is no emission of pyroclasts.
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Explosive, the lavas are very viscous and acidic with a difficult release of gases, causing violent explosions with the emission of pyroclasts (rock fragments that are expelled during the eruption).
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Mixed, it alternates between effusive and explosive phases with alternating emission of fluid and viscous lavas.
A volcanic eruption can be:
As much as volcanic eruptions are associated with only tragedies, they have some advantages:
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“A window to the interior of the Earth” by providing various knowledge;
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In many places, a volcano is essential for the survival of living beings. In hydrothermal vents, which are linked to active volcanic activity, there are many living things like many primary producers of food chains. These vents can release toxic chemicals that some living beings who live here use as a source of energy due to the lack of sunlight at these depths. There is also a bird, for example, that depends on volcanoes to survive. The Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) is an endangered species that depends on the geothermal energy dissipated by the volcano to hatch its eggs, as these are too large for the female to incubate by herself;
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The soil after an eruption is one of the most nutritious for agriculture;
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An ecosystem “reboots” after the rage of a volcano, leading to innovation.
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